题解:P4353 [CERC2015] Hovering Hornet

· · 题解

P4353

前置知识

两点确定一直线。

题意概述

见题目翻译。

分析

首先,我们可以将期望变成求对于每一个面,有多少的面积能看到。
然后,不难发现,对于顶面和底面,提供的期望是固定的。
然后,考虑如何计算每一个侧面所对应的面将外部大正方形分成两个部分后没有骰子的那部分的体积。
易得,对于侧面,提供的期望只与外部的大正方体的俯视图有关。
所以,我们就把这道题转换成了一道二维计算几何。
发现,这可以转换成一个半平面交问题,然后直接计算即可。(可我太弱了不会,只能暴力硬算了)

代码样例

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
double ans = 5 * (5 * 5 * 4); // 顶面
struct Point2D
{
    double x, y;
    // init
    Point2D(double x = 0, double y = 0) : x(x), y(y) {}
    // 重载输入输出流
    friend istream &operator>>(istream &input, Point2D &rhs)
    {
        input >> rhs.x >> rhs.y;
        return input;
    }
    friend ostream &operator<<(ostream &output, Point2D &rhs)
    {
        output << rhs.x << ' ' << rhs.y;
        return output;
    }
} p[4];

struct Vector2D
{
    double x, y;
    // init
    Vector2D(double x, double y) : x(x), y(y) {}
    Vector2D(Point2D from, Point2D to) : x(to.x - from.x), y(to.y - from.y) {}
    Vector2D(Point2D x) : x(x.x), y(x.y) {}
    // 向量点乘
    double operator*(const Vector2D &rhs) const
    {
        return (this->x * rhs.x) + (this->y * rhs.y);
    }
    // 向量叉乘
    double operator&(const Vector2D &rhs) const
    {
        return abs((this->x * rhs.y) - (this->y * rhs.x));
    }
};

constexpr double lambda(Point2D A, Point2D B, double x)
{
    return (A.y - B.y) / (A.x - B.x) * x + (A.x * B.y - A.y * B.x) / (A.x - B.x);
}
constexpr double lambda2(Point2D A, Point2D B, double y)
{
    return (A.x - B.x) / (A.y - B.y) * y + (A.x * B.y - A.y * B.x) / (B.y - A.y);
}

// @brief get y by x
pair<Point2D, Point2D> get_x(double x)
{
    double k[4];
    for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i)
    {
        k[i] = lambda(p[i], p[(i + 1) % 4], x);
    }
    sort(k, k + 4, greater<double>());
    return {{x, k[1]}, {x, k[2]}};
}

// @brief get x by y
pair<Point2D, Point2D> get_y(double y)
{
    double k[4];
    for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i)
    {
        k[i] = lambda2(p[i], p[(i + 1) % 4], y);
    }
    sort(k, k + 4, greater<double>());
    return {{k[1], y}, {k[2], y}};
}

int main()
{
    cin >> p[0] >> p[1] >> p[2] >> p[3];
    // 处理当与坐标轴平行的情况
    if ((p[1].x == p[0].x && p[1].y == p[2].y) || (p[1].y == p[0].y && p[1].x == p[2].x))
    {
        double l = min({p[0].x, p[1].x, p[2].x, p[3].x}),
               r = max({p[0].x, p[1].x, p[2].x, p[3].x}),
               u = max({p[0].y, p[1].y, p[2].y, p[3].y}),
               d = min({p[0].y, p[1].y, p[2].y, p[3].y});
        ans += 25. * ((u - 0.5) * 6 + (-0.5 - d));
        ans += 25. * ((r - 0.5) * 3 + (-0.5 - l) * 4);
    }
    else
    {
        // 东面
        auto ak = get_x(0.5);
        int pos = 0;
        double siz = 0;
        while (p[pos % 4].x >= 0.5)
            ++pos;
        while (p[pos % 4].x <= 0.5)
            ++pos;
        ++pos;
        while (p[pos % 4].x >= 0.5)
        {
            siz += Vector2D(ak.second, p[pos % 4]) & Vector2D(ak.second, p[(pos - 1) % 4]);
            ++pos;
        }
        siz += Vector2D(ak.second, p[(pos - 1) % 4]) & Vector2D(ak.second, ak.first);
        siz /= 2;
        siz *= 3;
        siz *= 5;
        ans += siz;

        // 西面
        siz = 0, pos = 0;
        ak = get_x(-0.5);
        while (p[pos % 4].x <= -0.5)
            ++pos;
        while (p[pos % 4].x >= -0.5)
            ++pos;
        ++pos;
        while (p[pos % 4].x <= -0.5)
        {
            siz += Vector2D(ak.first, p[pos % 4]) & Vector2D(ak.first, p[(pos - 1) % 4]);
            ++pos;
        }
        siz += Vector2D(ak.first, p[(pos - 1) % 4]) & Vector2D(ak.first, ak.second);
        siz /= 2;
        siz *= 4;
        siz *= 5;
        ans += siz;

        // 北面
        siz = 0, pos = 0;
        ak = get_y(0.5);
        while (p[pos % 4].y >= 0.5)
            ++pos;
        while (p[pos % 4].y <= 0.5)
            ++pos;
        ++pos;
        while (p[pos % 4].y >= 0.5)
        {
            siz += Vector2D(ak.first, p[pos % 4]) & Vector2D(ak.first, p[(pos - 1) % 4]);
            ++pos;
        }
        siz += Vector2D(ak.first, p[(pos - 1) % 4]) & Vector2D(ak.first, ak.second);
        siz /= 2;
        siz *= 6;
        siz *= 5;
        ans += siz;

        // 南面
        siz = 0, pos = 0;
        ak = get_y(-0.5);
        while (p[pos % 4].y <= -0.5)
            ++pos;
        while (p[pos % 4].y >= -0.5)
            ++pos;
        ++pos;
        while (p[pos % 4].y <= -0.5)
        {
            siz += Vector2D(ak.second, p[pos % 4]) & Vector2D(ak.second, p[(pos - 1) % 4]);
            ++pos;
        }
        siz += Vector2D(ak.second, p[(pos - 1) % 4]) & Vector2D(ak.second, ak.first);
        siz /= 2;
        siz *= 1;
        siz *= 5;
        ans += siz;
    }
    printf("%.10lf", ans / 124.0);
    return 0;
}

由于我用的是点斜式表示直线,所以需要考虑直线与坐标轴垂直的情况,写了个特判。